In the world of leadership, the question often arises: are great strategic thinkers born with the ability, or is it something that can be developed over time? Michael Watkins, a leadership coach and professor at IMD Business School, tackles this question head-on. He explains that, much like other human capabilities, strategic thinking is a blend of nature and nurture.

Watkins likens strategic thinking to running a marathon. While it’s true that some people are naturally more suited for it—perhaps born with the right physiological traits—hard work and practice are still essential. The same goes for strategic thinking. Some individuals may be better equipped at the start, but with the right approach and consistent effort, anyone can improve their strategic abilities.

The Six Disciplines of Strategic Thinking

Watkins emphasizes that the development of strategic thinking is not just about recognizing problems or opportunities but also about prioritizing and mobilizing the right actions. In his research, he identifies six key disciplines that leaders can cultivate to enhance their strategic thinking capabilities.

1. Pattern Recognition
   This is the ability to discern key signals from the vast amount of information around us. Watkins compares it to a chess grandmaster who doesn’t just see pieces on a board but can immediately recognize the most important patterns, strengths, and vulnerabilities. For leaders, mastering this skill means being able to sift through noise and pinpoint the most critical elements.
2. Systems Analysis
   With the growing complexity of today’s challenges, the ability to break down systems and understand their most important components is crucial. Watkins acknowledges that no one can perfectly model every variable, but he uses climate change as an example of how even simplified models can still offer valuable predictions. Similarly, strategic leaders must grasp the core dynamics of complex systems to make informed decisions.
3. Mental Agility
   Watkins introduces the concept of “cloud-to-ground” thinking. Great leaders, he says, can operate at a high level, seeing the big picture, but can also zoom in and handle details when needed. This ability to shift between high-level thinking and tactical details is essential for navigating complex problems.
4. Structured Problem-Solving
   Effective problem-solving requires a structured approach. Watkins explains how leaders must ensure that their teams are not only solving the right problem but also generating the best possible solutions. This approach helps align stakeholders and ensures that everyone is on the same page as the organization moves forward.
5. Visioning
   A leader’s vision sets the direction for the entire organization. According to Watkins, crafting a compelling, achievable vision requires balancing ambition with realism. If the vision is too far-fetched, it risks demotivating the team. On the other hand, if it’s too easy, it won’t inspire or drive the necessary change.
6. Political Savvy
   Finally, Watkins discusses the often overlooked but critical skill of navigating organizational politics. Leaders must know how to influence and engage with stakeholders in a way that builds momentum. For example, being thoughtful about the order in which you approach people can significantly impact the success of your strategy.

The Path to the Top

Watkins underscores that the ability to think strategically is becoming an increasingly important factor in leadership success. Decision-makers now weigh this capability heavily when considering a leader’s future. Therefore, focusing on developing strategic thinking is not just a path to improvement—it’s the fast track to leadership success.

Watkins’ insights show that while some leaders may have a natural advantage, anyone can develop the skills needed to become an effective strategic thinker. With a focus on key disciplines and a commitment to improvement, leaders can not only navigate complex challenges but also inspire and mobilize their teams towards success.